Monthly Archives: July 2013

Assorted Links (Crypto)

Books on Financial Programming

I’ve just ended these three books published this year on the intersection of finance and programming:

  • [amazon_link id=“0470030089” target=“_blank” ]C# for Financial Markets[/amazon_link]. This recently published book is just the translation to C# of all the previous books by the same author, especially the ones on the intersection between finance and C++. As such, one-third of the book delves into the implementation of basic mathematical finance (bonds, futures, options, swaptions, curve and surface modelling, finite difference method, …) and two-thirds of the book delves into teaching the C# language and its interoperability with Excel/LINQ/C++: note that if you’re already a pro on C#, you’ll better skip these parts since they are far from being the best authoritative source, although the sections on interoperability are really instructive. The best point of this book is that really full of examples to enlighten every concept (850 pages long!), although they never manage to compose a full application of any financial worth (that’s left as an exercise to the reader!): thus, and only on this technology angle, it’s the best book for beginners.
  • [amazon_link id=“0470744898” target=“_blank” ]Financial Modelling – Theory, Implementation and Practice (MATLAB)[/amazon_link]. Do you need a book to quickly acquaint yourself with the state-of-the-art in financial mathematics for asset allocations, hedging and derivatives pricing, skipping the study of dozens of papers? Then this book is your definitive shortcut: it encompasses all from the derivation of the models to their implementation in Matlab, demonstrating that this language can also be used for prototyping purposes in the financial industry, efficiency and interoperability aside (if you don’t know Matlab, a third of the book delves into that). My favourite part of the book it’s the first one on models (stochastic, jump-models, multi-dimensional, copulas) that reads lightly and fast in just an afternoon, but the book is also overfocused on the numerical implementation of the models (a third of the book), when most of these details are just left to some library in the real world. Even so, just running over all its examples is worth its full price.
  • [amazon_link id=“0470978708” target=“_blank” ]Financial Risk Modelling and Portfolio Optimization with R[/amazon_link]. R is the lingua franca of statistical research, and its under-utilization in the financial industry it’s a real puzzle, the truth being that the sheer number of packages dealing with every imaginable statistical function should be enough to justify a much deeper penetration into daily use. This book is best suited for quantitative risk managers, and it surveys the latest techniques for modelling and measuring financial risk, besides portfolio optimisation techniques. Every topic follows a precisely defined structure: after a brief overview, an explanation is offered and a very interesting synopsis of R packages and their empirical applications ends the discussion. My favourite parts are at the end, on constructing optimal portfolios subject to risk constraints and tactical asset allocation based on variations of the Black-Litterman approach.
Disclaimer: I don’t hold stock in JW‑A (John-Wiley & Sons Inc.), their selection is superb!

The Gods of Management at Microsoft

Charles Handy divided the management cultures in four types on his now classic book on business administration, [amazon_link id=“0195096177” target=“_blank” ]Gods of Management[/amazon_link]:

  • Zeus culture, a club culture with centralized power in which speed of decisions and accountability are prioritized over any other virtue
  • Apollo culture, a role-based culture with many rules and procedures, in which stability and predictability are prioritized, creating resistance to change
  • Athena culture, a task-based culture focused on providing solutions to concrete problems, ideal in times of expansion when new products and technologies get introduced
  • Dionysus culture, an existential culture in which the organization exists for the sole purpose of helping the professionals to achieve their personal goals

In the last reorganization, Microsoft has shifted from an Athena-like culture to an Apollo-like culture, a typical change in business re-organizations also predicted by Handy in his book. However, the general consensus is that this move towards this kind of management culture is inferior, as shown in multiple studies:

  • Managerial overload and organization design: a divisional organization is more efficient than the functional organization when the number of projects is large, and Microsoft has 13 products and services with revenues of more than 1 billion dollar per year.
  • Organization Design: different management structures are compared based on the internal co-ordination costs imposed on the firm, very relevant to the Microsoft reorganization
  • A double moral hazard model of organization design: a model based on moral hazard to explain why sub-optimal business structures are chosen is introduced, starting from general fact that the divisional structure is more efficient than the functional structure.

Only the malleable nature of software and the command to deploy a common software platform on any device and any type of screen may outstrip the previously presented disadvantages: be that as it may, MSFT is pursuing a much-needed goal for the whole computer industry.